Marka la eego helitaanka iyo ka faa'iidaysiga graphite flake, waxaa jira kiis si fiican loo diiwaangeliyay, markii buugga Shuiging Zhu uu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay, kaas oo sheegay in "waxaa jira buur garaaf ah oo ku ag yaal webiga Luoshui". Dhagaxyada dhamaantood waa madow, markaa buuggu wuu yarayn karaa, sidaas darteed waxay caan ku yihiin garaafka. "Natiijooyinka qadiimiga ah waxay muujinayaan in ka hor in ka badan 3,000 oo sano ka hor Boqortooyada Shang, Shiinuhu waxay isticmaali jireen graphite si ay u qoraan jilayaasha, taas oo socotay ilaa dhammaadka Boqortooyada Han ee Bariga (AD 220). Garaaf ahaan khad buug ahaan waxa lagu beddelay khad tubaako geed ah. Intii lagu jiray xilligii Daoguang ee Boqortooyada Qing (AD 1821-1850), beeralayda Chenzhou, Gobolka Hunan waxay qodayeen graphite flake sida shidaal, kaas oo loo yaqaan "carbon saliid".
Magaca Ingriiska ee Graphite wuxuu ka yimid ereyga Giriigga "graphite in", oo macneheedu yahay "wax la qoro". Waxaa loo magacaabay farmashiistaha Jarmalka iyo cilmiga macdanta AGWerner sanadkii 1789.
Qaaciddada molecular ee garaafiga flake waa C miisaankeeduna waa 12.01. Garaafyada dabiiciga ahi waa bir madow iyo cawlan bir ah, oo leh xariijimo madow oo dhalaalaya, dhalaal macdan ah iyo iftiin. crystals waxa iska leh fasalka kakan ee laba geesood ee kiristaalo, kuwaas oo ah kiristaalo saxan saddex geesood ah. Foomamka fudud ee caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah tiirar laba-geesood ah oo isbarbar socda, laba geesood ah iyo tiirar laba geesood ah, laakiin qaabka kareemka ah ee jira waa naadir, waana mid guud ahaan qolof leh ama qaabeysan. Halbeegyada: a0=0.246nm, c0=0.670nm Qaab dhismeed caadi ah, kaas oo atamka kaarboonka lagu habeeyay lakabyo, kaarboon kastaana si isku mid ah ayaa loogu xidhay kaarboonka ku xiga, kaarboonka lakab kastana waxa lagu habeeyaa giraan saddex geesood ah. Siddooyinka laba geesoodka ah ee kaarboonka ee lakabyada sare iyo hoose ee ku xiga ayaa si wadajir ah u bara kacaya jihada barbar socota diyaaradda mesh ka dibna la isku dhejiyay si ay u sameeyaan qaab dhismeed lakabaysan. Jihooyin kala duwan iyo masaafada barakacu waxay u horseedaan qaabab kala duwan oo polymorphic ah. Fogaanta u dhaxaysa atamka kaarboonka ee lakabyada sare iyo hoose aad ayay uga weyn tahay inta u dhaxaysa atamka kaarboonka ee isla lakabka ( CC kala dheeraynta lakabyada = 0.142nm, kala dheeraynta CC inta u dhaxaysa lakabyada = 0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 cufjiid gaar ah iyo 5-10m2/g oogada gaarka ah. Adayggu waa anisotropic, diyaaradda jeexjeexa toosan waa 3-5, diyaaradda isbarbardhigga waa 1-2. Isku darka inta badan waa qolof, barar iyo ciid. Garaafyada garaafka ayaa leh koronto iyo kulayl wanaagsan. Qaybaha macdanta ah ayaa guud ahaan mugdi ku jira iftiinka la kala qaado, jajabyada aadka u dhuuban waa cagaar-cawlan fudud, uniaxial, oo leh index refractive 1.93 ~ 2.07. Hoosta iftiinka iftiimaya, waxay yihiin midab-cawlan khafiif ah, oo leh midabyo badan oo milicsi muuqda, Ro cawl leh bunni, Re-caw buluug madow, milicsi Ro23 (casaan), Re5.5 (cas), midab milicsi cad iyo labajibbaaran, kala duwanaansho xooggan . Astaamaha aqoonsiga: madow bir ah, adayg hoose, koox ka kooban dildilaac aad u fiican, dabacsanaan, dareen simbiriirixan, fududahay in gacmaha wasakheeyaan. Haddii qaybaha zinc ee ay qoyan yihiin xalka copper sulfate lagu dhejiyo graphite, dhibco naxaas ah oo macdan ah ayaa soo dadajin kara, halka molybdenite oo la mid ah aysan lahayn falcelin noocaas ah.
Graphite waa allotrope ee kaarboonka aasaasiga ah (allotropes kale waxaa ka mid ah dheeman, kaarboon 60, carbon nanotubes iyo graphene), iyo xayndaabka atamka kaarboon kasta wuxuu ku xiran yahay saddex atom oo kale oo kaarboon ah (tiro badan oo hexagon ah oo loo habeeyey qaab malabka ah) si loo sameeyo covalent molecules. Mar haddii atamka kaarboon kastaa uu soo saaro elektaroonig, elektaroonnadaas waxay u dhaqaaqi karaan si xor ah, markaa graphite flake waa kaari koronto ah. Diyaaradda jeexjeexa waxa u badan curaarta molecular, kuwaas oo soo jiidasho liita u leh molecules, sidaa awgeed sabbaynta dabiiciga ahi aad bay u wanaagsan tahay. Sababtoo ah qaabka gaarka ah ee isku xidhka garaafiga flake, uma maleyn karno in garaafiga flake uu yahay hal crystal ama polycrystal. Hadda waxaa guud ahaan loo arkaa in graphite flake uu yahay nooc ka mid ah crystal isku dhafan.
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-04-2022